What is this white residue on the fresh figs I just bought? It washes off. Is it pesticide?

It's called "bloom" and you can also get it on other dark fruits like grapes and plums. It is actually a natural waxy acid coating that the fruit has to protect it from moisture loss and premature fermentation. You don't have to wash it off, and in many cases it is hard to get off anyway. It is safe to eat, and isn't mould.